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Evaluation of Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 device efficiency
Duliková, Michaela ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
In this Diploma Thesis the recycling of the PET bottles in the company PETKA CZ, a.s. is under focus. Thesis describes the Italian technology AMUT designed for physical recycling of the PET bottles. The primary goal is the quality of the final recycled product, PET flakes, particularly in the context of undesirable admixtures such as PVC, other polymers and impurities. Due to the deteriorating quality of the PET flakes the equipment Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 has been tested, which had significantly reduced admixtures in PET flakes. As it turned out, the current procedures for solving problems with the PET flakes quality are no longer sufficient.
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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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Evaluation of the quality of polethylene terephtalate flakes for the production of food grade recycled regranulate
Snopková, Martina ; Melčová, Veronika (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Polyethylentereftalát (PET) je široce používaný plast, zejména pro výrobu PET lahví. Odpadní PET lahve však představují riziko pro životní prostředí, pokud se s nimi dobře nenakládá. Vhodným způsobem nakládání s PET lahvemi je recyklace, ideálně jejich zpětná recyklace na PET lahve. Recyklace PET na recyklovaný PET potravinářské kvality se však může potýkat s několika problémy a výsledná kvalita je do značné míry závislá na kvalitě vstupní suroviny: PET vloček. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnotit kvalitu potravinářských PET vloček na trhu EU. Ačkoli kvalita PET vloček již byla předmětem několika vědeckých studií, analýza kvalitativních parametrů PET vloček nebyla nikdy aplikována na tak rozsáhlou oblast, jakou je trh v rámci EU. Rozsáhlá analýza je však nezbytná pro zmapování trendů a případnou optimalizaci kvality. Pro analýzu byl použit materiál z různých oblastí EU shromážděný v průběhu dvou let. Při hodnocení kvality byly použity metody kontroly kvality stanovené v normách EN ISO a interních normách, jakož i spektrofotometrie, infračervená spektroskopie s Fourierovou transformací metodou zeslabeného úplného odrazu (FTIR-ATR) a měření vnitřní viskozity. Hodnotila se vhodnost jednotlivých dodavatelů a trendy napříč dodanými šaržemi. Mezi nejdůležitější zjištění patří (1) obsah ostatních plastů je nejproblematičtějším parametrem kvality PET vloček, (2) ostatní plasty pochází především z lahví a jejich obsah není závislý na systému sběru, (3) vyšší míra degradace PET vloček dodávaných západními výrobci ve srovnání s materiálem od výrobců nacházejících se na východě EU. Byla poskytnuta komplexní analýzu trhu EU a kvalitativních trendů v recyklaci PET lahví v závislosti na zeměpisném umístění a typu sběrného systému. Tyto výsledky budou užitečné nejen pro praxi, ale mohly by být také podnětem pro zlepšení legislativy v oblasti vyhodnocování plastových kontaminantů nebo pro zavádění vhodnějšího designu PET lahví.
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Identification of the lables used on the PET bottles for recycling
Zoufalá, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Among the most significant sources of contamination in PET recycling belong their labels. The labels of PET bottles are composed of various materials, but the manufacturers are not obligated to declare the labels materials. From the point of view of PET recycling, PVC and PETG labels represent the biggest problem, because they cannot easily be separated from PET, and even a small amount can compromise the end-product of recycling. Therefore, this thesis deals with the identification of labels from PET bottles designated for recycling. For their identification was used FTIR-ATR spectrometer. The analysis revealed that PVC and PETG are frequently used as label materials. In many cases the analysis failed and only used additives could be identified.
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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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Evaluation of Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 device efficiency
Duliková, Michaela ; Charvátová,, Michaela (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
In this Diploma Thesis the recycling of the PET bottles in the company PETKA CZ, a.s. is under focus. Thesis describes the Italian technology AMUT designed for physical recycling of the PET bottles. The primary goal is the quality of the final recycled product, PET flakes, particularly in the context of undesirable admixtures such as PVC, other polymers and impurities. Due to the deteriorating quality of the PET flakes the equipment Polymer Separation System Purifier N 1024 has been tested, which had significantly reduced admixtures in PET flakes. As it turned out, the current procedures for solving problems with the PET flakes quality are no longer sufficient.
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